The ray protection ray will interact with the substance when it encounters the substance, resulting in the weak intensity of the ray, which is related to the number and density of the substance. The larger the number and density of the substance, the stronger the attenuation ability of the ray. Theoretically, any material can be used to protect against radiation, but the amount of different, the number and density of lead are relatively large, is commonly used to protect against radiation
Neutron protection is designed to protect workers from or against neutron radiation. Unlike gamma ray protection, it must be made of light elements to slow down neutrons quickly. One of the slowing down ability is very good hydrogen containing substances, such as water, paraffin, and so on.

射线防护射线遇到物质时会和物质产生相互作用，结果导致射线的强度变弱，这个变弱的程度和物质的 原 子序数和密度有关系， 原 子序数越大、密度越大，使射线衰减的能力越强。理论上，用任何物质都可以去防护射线，但用量不同，铅的 原 子序数和密度都比较大，是常用的防护射线的物质
而中子防护是为保护工作人员不受或少受中 子 辐射而设置的防护物。它与γ射线防护不同，必须用轻元素制成，以使中子很快减速。其中慢化能力非常好的是含氢物质，如水、石蜡等。